Philippians
Shaliah New Testament Interlinear
Matthew | Mark | Luke | John | Acts | Romans | 1 Corinthians | 2 Corinthians | Galatians | Ephesians | Philippians | Colossians | 1 Thessalonians | 2 Thessalonians | 1 Timothy | 2 Timothy | Titus | Philemon | Hebrews | James | 1 Peter | 2 Peter | 1 John | 2 John | 3 John | Jude | Revelation
Commentary | Interlinear | English
Philippians 1
(1) παυλοϲ:Paul και:and τιμοθεοϲ:Timothy δουλοι:slaves χριϲτου:of-Christ ιηϲου:Jesus παϲιν:to-all τοιϲ:the αγιοιϲ:holy-ones εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus τοιϲ:the ουϲιν:being εν:in φιλιπποιϲ:Philippi ϲυν:with επιϲκοποιϲ:overseers και:and διακονοιϲ:deacons (2) χαριϲ:Grace υμιν:to-you και:and ειρηνη:peace απο:from θεου:God πατροϲ:Father ημων:our και:and κυριου:lord ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:1 | αγιοιϲ:holy-ones | [holy-ones] – the opening address names the assembly as God’s people corporately; the gloss keeps the plural, people-shaped sense of the term in the letter’s greeting. |
(3) ευχαριϲτω:I‑give‑thanks τω:to‑the θεω:God μου:my επι:upon παϲη:all τη:the μνεια:remembrance υμων:of‑you (4) παντοτε:always εν:in παϲη:every δεηϲει:prayer μου:of‑me υπερ:on‑behalf‑of παντων:all υμων:of‑you μετα:with χαραϲ:joy την:the δεηϲιν:prayer ποιουμενοϲ:making (5) επι:upon τη:the κοινωνια:partnership υμων:of‑you ειϲ:unto το:the ευαγγελιον:glad‑tidings απο:from τηϲ:the πρωτηϲ:first ημεραϲ:day αχρι:until του:the νυν:now (6) πεποιθωϲ:Having‑been‑convinced αυτο:this τουτο:very οτι:that ο:the εναρξαμενοϲ:having‑begun εν:in υμιν:you εργον:work αγαθον:good επιτελεϲει:will‑complete αχρι:until ημεραϲ:day χριϲτου:of‑Christ ιηϲου:Jesus (7) καθωϲ:just‑as εϲτιν:it‑is δικαιον:right εμοι:for‑me τουτο:this φρονειν:to‑think υπερ:concerning παντων:all υμων:of‑you δια:because‑of το:the εχειν:having με:me εν:in τη:the καρδια:heart υμαϲ:you εν:in τε:both τοιϲ:the δεϲμοιϲ:bonds μου:of‑me και:and εν:in τη:the απολογια:defense και:and βεβαιωϲει:confirmation του:of‑the ευαγγελιου:glad‑tidings ϲυγκοινωνουϲ:co‑sharers μου:of‑me τηϲ:of‑the χαριτοϲ:grace πανταϲ:all υμαϲ:you ονταϲ:being (8) μαρτυϲ:Witness γαρ:for μου:of‑me ο:the θεοϲ:God ωϲ:how επιποθω:I‑long‑for πανταϲ:all υμαϲ:you εν:in ϲπλαγχνοιϲ:affections χριϲτου:of‑Christ ιηϲου:Jesus
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:5 | κοινωνια:partnership | [partnership] – the Philippians’ share in the royal proclamation is a joint participation, both spiritual and material; the gloss carries the mutual, co-operative sense demanded by the thanksgiving. |
| 1:5 | ευαγγελιον:glad‑tidings | [glad‑tidings] – the content of the partnership is the royal announcement of the true king; the gloss keeps the public, heraldic character of the message. |
| 1:7 | ϲυγκοινωνουϲ:co‑sharers | [co‑sharers] – the co‑ prefix preserves the shared participation of the whole assembly in the grace of the glad‑tidings. |
| 1:7 | ευαγγελιου:glad‑tidings | [glad‑tidings] – the defense and confirmation of the royal announcement is the common cause in which the Philippians share. |
(9) και:And τουτο:this προϲευχομαι:I‑pray ινα:that η:the αγαπη:love υμων:of‑you ετι:yet μαλλον:more και:and μαλλον:more περιϲϲευη:may‑abound εν:in επιγνωϲει:knowledge και:and παϲη:all αιϲθηϲει:perception (10) ειϲ:unto το:the δοκιμαζειν:to‑approve υμαϲ:you τα:the διαφεροντα:things‑differing ινα:that ητε:you‑may‑be ειλικρινειϲ:pure και:and απροϲκοποι:without‑stumbling ειϲ:unto ημεραν:day χριϲτου:of‑Christ (11) πεπληρωμενοι:having‑been‑filled καρπον:fruit δικαιοϲυνηϲ:of‑righteousness τον:the δια:through ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ ειϲ:unto δοξαν:glory και:and επαινον:praise θεου:of‑God
(12) γινωϲκειν:To‑know δε:but υμαϲ:you βουλομαι:I‑want αδελφοι:brothers οτι:that τα:the κατ:according‑to εμε:me μαλλον:rather ειϲ:unto προκοπην:advancement του:of‑the ευαγγελιου:glad‑tidings εληλυθεν:have‑come (13) ωϲτε:so‑that τουϲ:the δεϲμουϲ:bonds μου:of‑me φανερουϲ:manifest εν:in χριϲτω:Christ γενεϲθαι:to‑have‑become εν:in ολω:all τω:the πραιτωριω:praetorium και:and τοιϲ:the λοιποιϲ:rest παϲιν:all (14) και:and τουϲ:the πλειοναϲ:more των:of‑the αδελφων:brothers εν:in κυριω:lord πεποιθοταϲ:having‑been‑convinced τοιϲ:by‑the δεϲμοιϲ:bonds μου:of‑me περιϲϲοτερωϲ:more‑abundantly τολμαν:to‑dare αφοβωϲ:fearlessly τον:the λογον:word λαλειν:to‑speak (15) τινεϲ:Some μεν:indeed και:even δια:through φθονον:envy και:and εριν:strife τινεϲ:some δε:but και:even δι:through ευδοκιαν:goodwill τον:the χριϲτον:Christ κηρυϲϲουϲιν:proclaim (16) οι:the‑ones μεν:indeed εξ:out‑of αγαπηϲ:love ειδοτεϲ:having‑known οτι:that ειϲ:unto απολογιαν:defense του:of‑the ευαγγελιου:glad‑tidings κειμαι:I‑am‑appointed (17) οι:the‑ones δε:but εξ:out‑of εριθειαϲ:selfish‑ambition τον:the χριϲτον:Christ καταγγελλουϲιν:proclaim ουχ:not αγνωϲ:purely οιομενοι:thinking θλιψιν:affliction εγειρειν:to‑raise τοιϲ:to‑the δεϲμοιϲ:bonds μου:of‑me (18) τι:What γαρ:for πλην:except οτι:that παντι:every τροπω:way ειτε:whether προφαϲει:pretense ειτε:or αληθεια:truth χριϲτοϲ:Christ καταγγελλεται:is‑proclaimed και:and εν:in τουτω:this χαιρω:I‑rejoice αλλα:but και:also χαρηϲομαι:I‑will‑rejoice
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:12 | προκοπην:advancement | [advancement] – the imprisonment has actually served the forward movement of the royal announcement; the gloss captures progress as advance, not mere increase. |
(19) οιδα:I‑know γαρ:for οτι:that τουτο:this μοι:to‑me αποβηϲεται:will‑turn‑out ειϲ:unto ϲωτηριαν:salvation δια:through τηϲ:the υμων:of‑you δεηϲεωϲ:prayer και:and επιχορηγιαϲ:supply του:of‑the πνευματοϲ:spirit ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ (20) κατα:according‑to την:the αποκαραδοκιαν:eager‑expectation και:and ελπιδα:hope μου:of‑me οτι:that εν:in ουδενι:nothing αιϲχυνθηϲομαι:I‑will‑be‑put‑to‑shame αλλ:but εν:in παϲη:all παρρηϲια:boldness ωϲ:as παντοτε:always και:also νυν:now μεγαλυνθηϲεται:will‑be‑magnified χριϲτοϲ:Christ εν:in τω:the ϲωματι:body μου:of‑me ειτε:whether δια:through ζωηϲ:life ειτε:or δια:through θανατου:death (21) εμοι:to‑me γαρ:for το:the ζην:to‑live χριϲτοϲ:Christ και:and το:the αποθανειν:to‑die κερδοϲ:gain (22) ει:if δε:but το:the ζην:to‑live εν:in ϲαρκι:flesh τουτο:this μοι:to‑me καρποϲ:fruit εργου:of‑work και:and τι:what αιρηϲομαι:I‑will‑choose ου:not γνωριζω:I‑do‑know (23) ϲυνεχομαι:I‑am‑pressed δε:but εκ:from των:the δυο:two την:the επιθυμιαν:desire εχων:having ειϲ:unto το:the αναλυϲαι:to‑depart και:and ϲυν:with χριϲτω:Christ ειναι:to‑be πολλω:by‑much γαρ:for μαλλον:more κρειϲϲον:better (24) το:the δε:but επιμενειν:to‑remain εν:in τη:the ϲαρκι:flesh αναγκαιοτερον:more‑necessary δι:on‑account‑of υμαϲ:you (25) και:and τουτο:this πεποιθωϲ:having‑been‑convinced οιδα:I‑know οτι:that μενω:I‑remain και:and παραμενω:I‑remain‑alongside παϲιν:to‑all υμιν:you ειϲ:unto την:the υμων:of‑you προκοπην:advancement και:and χαραν:joy τηϲ:of‑the πιϲτεωϲ:faith (26) ινα:that το:the καυχημα:boast υμων:of‑you περιϲϲευη:may‑abound εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus εν:in εμοι:me δια:through τηϲ:the εμηϲ:of‑me παρουϲιαϲ:arrival παλιν:again προϲ:to υμαϲ:you
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:25 | προκοπην:advancement | [advancement] – Paul’s remaining means continued progress for the Philippians in faith and joy; the gloss keeps the forward-movement sense of the royal announcement. |
| 1:26 | παρουϲιαϲ:arrival | [arrival] – Paul’s coming again is cast as a visit in the royal register; the gloss preserves that public, event-like sense rather than a static presence. |
(27) μονον:Only αξιωϲ:worthily του:of‑the ευαγγελιου:glad‑tidings του:of‑the χριϲτου:Christ πολιτευεϲθε:conduct‑yourselves‑as‑citizens ινα:that ειτε:whether ελθων:having‑come και:and ιδων:having‑seen υμαϲ:you ειτε:or απων:being‑absent ακουω:I‑may‑hear τα:the περι:concerning υμων:you οτι:that ϲτηκετε:you‑stand εν:in ενι:one πνευματι:spirit μια:one ψυχη:soul ϲυναθλουντεϲ:contending‑alongside τη:the πιϲτει:faith του:of‑the ευαγγελιου:glad‑tidings (28) και:and μη:not πτυρομενοι:being‑terrified εν:in μηδενι:nothing υπο:by των:the αντικειμενων:ones‑opposing ητιϲ:which εϲτιν:is αυτοιϲ:to‑them ενδειξιϲ:sign απωλειαϲ:of‑destruction υμων:of‑you δε:but ϲωτηριαϲ:of‑salvation και:and τουτο:this απο:from θεου:God (29) οτι:that υμιν:to‑you εχαριϲθη:it‑was‑granted το:the υπερ:on‑behalf‑of χριϲτου:Christ ου:not μονον:only το:the ειϲ:unto αυτον:him πιϲτευειν:to‑believe αλλα:but και:also το:the υπερ:on‑behalf‑of αυτου:him παϲχειν:to‑suffer (30) τον:the αυτον:same αγωνα:contest εχοντεϲ:having οιον:such‑as ειδετε:you‑saw εν:in εμοι:me και:and νυν:now ακουετε:you‑hear εν:in εμοι:me
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 1:27 | ευαγγελιου:glad‑tidings | [glad‑tidings] – the worthy walk is measured by the royal announcement of the Messiah; the gloss keeps that public, heraldic frame for the whole exhortation. |
| 1:29 | εχαριϲθη:it‑was‑granted | [it‑was‑granted] – the divine passive shows the one God as giver; suffering for the Messiah is itself a benefaction within the age to come that has broken in. |
Philippians 2
(1) ει:If τιϲ:any ουν:therefore παρακληϲιϲ:encouragement εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ει:if τι:any παραμυθιον:consolation αγαπηϲ:of-love ει:if τιϲ:any κοινωνια:partnership πνευματοϲ:of-spirit ει:if τιϲ:any ϲπλαγχνα:affections και:and οικτιρμοι:mercies (2) πληρωϲατε:Fulfill μου:my την:the χαραν:joy ινα:that το:the αυτο:same φρονητε:you-might-think την:the αυτην:same αγαπην:love εχοντεϲ:having ϲυμψυχοι:of-one-soul το:the εν:one φρονουντεϲ:thinking (3) μηδεν:nothing κατ:according-to εριθειαν:selfish-ambition μηδε:nor κατα:according-to κενοδοξιαν:empty-glory αλλα:but τη:the ταπεινοφροϲυνη:lowliness-of-mind αλληλουϲ:one-another ηγουμενοι:considering υπερεχονταϲ:surpassing εαυτων:of-yourselves (4) μη:not τα:the εαυτων:of-themselves εκαϲτοϲ:each ϲκοπουντεϲ:looking-after αλλα:but και:also τα:the ετερων:of-others εκαϲτοι:each-ones
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2:1 | κοινωνια:partnership | [partnership] – the shared life of the spirit grounds the appeal; the gloss keeps the co-participation sense that runs through the letter’s partnership language. |
| 2:2 | φρονητε:you-might-think | [you-might-think] – the call to think the same thing is the letter’s mindset thread; the gloss preserves the active, formed-mind sense that the appeal requires. |
(5) τουτο:This φρονειτε:think εν:in υμιν:you ο:which και:also εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus (6) οϲ:who εν:in μορφη:form θεου:of-God υπαρχων:existing ουχ:not αρπαγμον:plunder ηγηϲατο:he-considered το:the ειναι:to-be ιϲα:equal θεω:to-God (7) αλλ:but εαυτον:himself εκενωϲεν:he-emptied μορφην:form δουλου:of-slave λαβων:having-taken εν:in ομοιωματι:likeness ανθρωπων:of-humans γενομενοϲ:having-become και:and ϲχηματι:fashion ευρεθειϲ:having-been-found ωϲ:as ανθρωποϲ:human (8) εταπεινωϲεν:he-humbled εαυτον:himself γενομενοϲ:having-become υπηκοοϲ:obedient μεχρι:until θανατου:death θανατου:death δε:but ϲταυρου:of-cross (9) διο:therefore και:also ο:the θεοϲ:God αυτον:him υπερυψωϲεν:super-exalted και:and εχαριϲατο:he-graciously-granted αυτω:to-him το:the ονομα:name το:the υπερ:above παν:every ονομα:name (10) ινα:that εν:in τω:the ονοματι:name ιηϲου:of-Jesus παν:every γονυ:knee καμψη:might-bow επουρανιων:of-heavenly και:and επιγειων:of-earthly και:and καταχθονιων:of-under-earth (11) και:and παϲα:every γλωϲϲα:tongue εξομολογηϲηται:might-confess οτι:that κυριοϲ:lord ιηϲουϲ:Jesus χριϲτοϲ:Christ ειϲ:unto δοξαν:glory θεου:of-God πατροϲ:Father
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2:5 | φρονειτε:think | [think] – believers are to hold the same formed mindset that the Messiah embodied; the gloss keeps that deliberate, dispositional sense. |
| 2:6 | μορφη:form | [form] – the visible image-bearing station in which the agent stands; the hymn’s contrast requires the sense of outward bearing and rank rather than unseen essence. |
| 2:6 | αρπαγμον:plunder | [plunder] – the thing to be seized; the Adam contrast turns on refusing to seize what the first Adam grasped at, so the gloss carries that plunder-image. |
| 2:7 | μορφην:form | [form] – the servant-station is likewise a visible bearing; the paired uses of “form” bind the two stanzas of the hymn together. |
| 2:7 | ομοιωματι:likeness | [likeness] – the emphasis falls on visible human likeness; the gloss keeps the point that what is seen is genuinely human. |
| 2:8 | ϲταυρου:of-cross | [of-cross] – the cross is the full depth of the obedience, and in this letter it marks the boundary of true allegiance to the Messiah. |
| 2:9 | υπερυψωϲεν:super-exalted | [super-exalted] – the exaltation is God’s own act in response to the servant’s obedience; the super- prefix preserves the surpassing height of that act. |
| 2:9 | ονομα:name | [name] – the name above every name is granted by God; it is the delegated name and authority that the agent bears from the sender. |
| 2:11 | κυριοϲ:lord | [lord] – the confession “lord Jesus Christ” is directed to the glory of God the Father; the gloss keeps the messianic lord-title in its delegated, lowercase form throughout the letter. |
(12) ωϲτε:Therefore αγαπητοι:beloved μου:my καθωϲ:just-as παντοτε:always υπηκουϲατε:you-obeyed μη:not ωϲ:as εν:in τη:the παρουϲια:arrival μου:of-me μονον:only αλλα:but νυν:now πολλω:by-much μαλλον:more εν:in τη:the απουϲια:absence μου:of-me μετα:with φοβου:fear και:and τρομου:trembling την:the εαυτων:of-yourselves ϲωτηριαν:salvation κατεργαζεϲθε:work-out (13) θεοϲ:God γαρ:for εϲτιν:is ο:the ενεργων:working εν:in υμιν:you και:both το:the θελειν:willing και:and το:the ενεργειν:working υπερ:on-behalf-of τηϲ:the ευδοκιαϲ:good-pleasure (14) παντα:All-things ποιειτε:do χωριϲ:without γογγυϲμων:grumblings και:and διαλογιϲμων:reasonings (15) ινα:that γενηϲθε:you-might-become αμεμπτοι:blameless και:and ακεραιοι:pure τεκνα:children θεου:of-God αμωμα:unblemished μεϲον:in-midst-of γενεαϲ:generation ϲκολιαϲ:crooked και:and διεϲτραμμενηϲ:perverted εν:in οιϲ:whom φαινεϲθε:you-appear ωϲ:as φωϲτηρεϲ:lights εν:in κοϲμω:world (16) λογον:word ζωηϲ:of-life επεχοντεϲ:holding-firmly ειϲ:unto καυχημα:boast εμοι:for-me ειϲ:unto ημεραν:day χριϲτου:of-Christ οτι:that ουκ:not ειϲ:unto κενον:empty εδραμον:I-ran ουδε:nor ειϲ:unto κενον:empty εκοπιαϲα:I-labored (17) αλλ:but ει:if και:also ϲπενδομαι:I-am-being-poured-out επι:upon τη:the θυϲια:sacrifice και:and λειτουργια:service τηϲ:of-the πιϲτεωϲ:faith υμων:of-you χαιρω:I-rejoice και:and ϲυγχαιρω:I-rejoice-with παϲιν:all υμιν:you (18) το:the δε:but αυτο:same και:also υμειϲ:you χαιρετε:rejoice και:and ϲυγχαιρετε:rejoice-with μοι:me
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2:12 | ϲωτηριαν:salvation | [salvation] – the deliverance that believers are to work out is the eschatological salvation of the day of Christ; the gloss keeps that future-facing, already/not-yet sense. |
| 2:17 | ϲπενδομαι:I-am-being-poured-out | [I-am-being-poured-out] – Paul’s life is a drink-offering poured out upon the Philippians’ sacrificial faith; the cultic image is preserved in full. |
| 2:17 | θυϲια:sacrifice / λειτουργια:service | [sacrifice / service] – temple-cult language is deliberately transferred to the glad-tidings mission and the faith of the assembly; the glosses keep that priestly weight. |
(19) ελπιζω:I-hope δε:but εν:in κυριω:lord ιηϲου:Jesus τιμοθεον:Timothy ταχεωϲ:quickly πεμψαι:to-send υμιν:to-you ινα:that καγω:I-also ευψυχω:might-be-cheered γνουϲ:having-known τα:the περι:concerning υμων:you (20) ουδενα:no-one γαρ:for εχω:I-have ιϲοψυχον:of-equal-soul οϲτιϲ:who γνηϲιωϲ:genuinely τα:the περι:concerning υμων:you μεριμνηϲει:will-care (21) οι:the παντεϲ:all γαρ:for τα:the εαυτων:of-themselves ζητουϲιν:seek ου:not τα:the ιηϲου:of-Jesus χριϲτου:Christ (22) την:the δε:but δοκιμην:proof αυτου:of-him γινωϲκετε:you-know οτι:that ωϲ:as πατρι:a-father τεκνον:a-child ϲυν:with εμοι:me εδουλευϲεν:he-slaved ειϲ:unto το:the ευαγγελιον:glad-tidings (23) τουτον:This-one μεν:indeed ουν:therefore ελπιζω:I-hope πεμψαι:to-send ωϲ:when αν:ever αφιδω:I-may-have-seen τα:the περι:concerning εμε:me εξαυτηϲ:immediately (24) πεποιθα:I-have-been-convinced δε:but εν:in κυριω:lord οτι:that και:also αυτοϲ:myself ταχεωϲ:quickly ελευϲομαι:I-will-come
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2:22 | ευαγγελιον:glad-tidings | [glad-tidings] – Timothy’s service is bound to the royal announcement itself; the gloss keeps the heraldic register of the message he served. |
(25) αναγκαιον:Necessary δε:but ηγηϲαμην:I-considered επαφροδιτον:Epaphroditus τον:the αδελφον:brother και:and ϲυνεργον:fellow-worker και:and ϲυϲτρατιωτην:fellow-soldier μου:of-me υμων:of-you δε:but αποϲτολον:emissary και:and λειτουργον:minister τηϲ:of-the χρειαϲ:need μου:of-me πεμψαι:to-send προϲ:to υμαϲ:you (26) επειδη:since επιποθων:longing ην:he-was πανταϲ:all υμαϲ:you και:and αδημονων:being-distressed διοτι:because ηκουϲατε:you-heard οτι:that ηϲθενηϲεν:he-was-ill (27) και:and γαρ:for ηϲθενηϲεν:he-was-ill παραπληϲιον:near θανατω:death αλλ:but ο:the θεοϲ:God ηλεηϲεν:showed-mercy αυτον:to-him ουκ:not αυτον:him δε:but μονον:only αλλα:but και:also εμε:me ινα:that μη:not λυπην:grief επι:upon λυπην:grief ϲχω:I-might-have (28) ϲπουδαιοτερωϲ:More-diligently ουν:therefore επεμψα:I-sent αυτον:him ινα:that ιδοντεϲ:having-seen αυτον:him παλιν:again χαρητε:you-might-rejoice καγω:and-I αλυποτεροϲ:less-sorrowful ω:I-might-be (29) προϲδεχεϲθε:Receive ουν:therefore αυτον:him εν:in κυριω:lord μετα:with παϲηϲ:all χαραϲ:joy και:and τουϲ:the τοιουτουϲ:such-ones εντιμουϲ:honored εχετε:hold (30) οτι:because δια:because-of το:the εργον:work χριϲτου:of-Christ μεχρι:until θανατου:death ηγγιϲεν:he-drew-near παραβολευϲαμενοϲ:having-risked τη:the ψυχη:life ινα:that αναπληρωϲη:he-might-fill-up το:the υμων:of-you υϲτερημα:lack τηϲ:of-the προϲ:toward με:me λειτουργιαϲ:service
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 2:25 | αποϲτολον:emissary | [emissary] – Epaphroditus is the sent representative of the Philippian assembly; the gloss captures that first-century envoy role without later church-office overtones. |
| 2:25 | λειτουργον:minister | [minister] – his service to Paul’s need is cast in the cultic-service language that the letter transfers to gospel work; the gloss keeps that weight. |
| 2:30 | λειτουργιαϲ:service | [service] – the same cultic-service register marks Epaphroditus’ act; the gloss keeps the consistency of the service language across the chapter. |
Philippians 3
(1) το:The λοιπον:remaining αδελφοι:brothers μου:my χαιρετε:rejoice εν:in κυριω:lord τα:the αυτα:same γραφειν:to-write υμιν:to-you εμοι:to-me μεν:indeed ουκ:not οκνηρον:irksome υμιν:to-you δε:but αϲφαλεϲ:safe (2) βλεπετε:Watch-out τουϲ:the κυναϲ:dogs βλεπετε:watch-out τουϲ:the κακουϲ:evil εργαταϲ:workers βλεπετε:watch-out την:the κατατομην:mutilation (3) ημειϲ:We γαρ:for εϲμεν:are η:the περιτομη:circumcision οι:the-ones πνευματι:by-spirit θεου:of-God λατρευοντεϲ:rendering-service και:and καυχωμενοι:boasting εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus και:and ουκ:not εν:in ϲαρκι:flesh πεποιθοτεϲ:having-been-convinced
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:2 | κατατομην:mutilation | [mutilation] – the word plays on the rival teachers’ cutting: their mark is no covenant sign but a mutilation; the gloss exposes the false circumcision. |
| 3:3 | περιτομη:circumcision | [circumcision] – the assembly is the true circumcision, the people of God marked by spirit-service; the gloss carries the covenant-identity sense. |
| 3:3 | λατρευοντεϲ:rendering-service | [rendering-service] – cultic service language is transferred to the assembly’s worship by the spirit; the gloss keeps that priestly, God-directed sense. |
| 3:3 | πεποιθοτεϲ:having-been-convinced | [having-been-convinced] – the conviction-root is kept, so the misplaced confidence in the flesh is seen as the same settled conviction that belongs properly to the messiah. |
(4) καιπερ:Although εγω:I εχων:having πεποιθηϲιν:confidence και:even εν:in ϲαρκι:flesh ει:if τιϲ:anyone δοκει:thinks αλλοϲ:another πεποιθεναι:to-have-been-convinced εν:in ϲαρκι:flesh εγω:I μαλλον:more (5) περιτομη:Circumcision οκταημεροϲ:eighth-day εκ:from γενουϲ:family ιϲραηλ:Israel φυληϲ:tribe βενιαμιν:Benjamin εβραιοϲ:Hebrew εξ:from εβραιων:Hebrews κατα:according-to νομον:law φαριϲαιοϲ:Pharisee (6) κατα:according-to ζηλοϲ:zeal διωκων:persecuting την:the εκκληϲιαν:assembly κατα:according-to δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness την:the εν:in νομω:law γενομενοϲ:having-become αμεμπτοϲ:blameless (7) αλλ:But ατινα:whatever ην:was μοι:to-me κερδη:gains ταυτα:these ηγημαι:I-have-considered δια:because-of τον:the χριϲτον:Christ ζημιαν:loss (8) αλλα:But μενουνγε:rather και:even ηγουμαι:I-consider παντα:all-things ζημιαν:loss ειναι:to-be δια:because-of το:the υπερεχον:surpassing τηϲ:of-the γνωϲεωϲ:knowledge χριϲτου:of-Christ ιηϲου:Jesus του:the κυριου:lord μου:of-me δι:because-of ον:whom τα:the παντα:all-things εζημιωθην:I-suffered-loss και:and ηγουμαι:I-consider ϲκυβαλα:refuse ινα:that χριϲτον:Christ κερδηϲω:I-might-gain (9) και:and ευρεθω:I-might-be-found εν:in αυτω:him μη:not εχων:having εμην:my δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness την:the εκ:from νομου:law αλλα:but την:the δια:through πιϲτεωϲ:faith χριϲτου:of-Christ την:the εκ:from θεου:God δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness επι:upon τη:the πιϲτει:faith (10) του:the γνωναι:to-know αυτον:him και:and την:the δυναμιν:power τηϲ:of-the αναϲταϲεωϲ:resurrection αυτου:of-him και:and την:the κοινωνιαν:partnership των:of-the παθηματων:sufferings αυτου:of-him ϲυμμορφιζομενοϲ:being-conformed-to τω:the θανατω:death αυτου:of-him (11) ει:if πωϲ:perhaps καταντηϲω:I-might-arrive ειϲ:unto την:the εξαναϲταϲιν:out-resurrection την:the εκ:from νεκρων:dead
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:4 | πεποιθηϲιν:confidence | [confidence] – the noun names the settled conviction Paul once held; the gloss keeps the word as the target of the coming revaluation. |
| 3:4 | πεποιθεναι:to-have-been-convinced | [to-have-been-convinced] – the verbal form keeps the same root as the noun, so the whole confidence-structure is seen to be weighed and revalued. |
| 3:5 | περιτομη:Circumcision | [Circumcision] – the eighth-day mark is listed among Paul’s flesh credentials; the same gloss across 3:2-5 keeps the true, false, and credential uses in view. |
| 3:6 | εκκληϲιαν:assembly | [assembly] – the persecuted community is the assembly of God; the gloss names the gathered people in its first-century sense. |
| 3:6 | δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness | [righteousness] – the righteousness under the law is named without irony; the gloss keeps the term that the argument will reposition from law to God. |
| 3:7 | κερδη:gains | [gains] – the ledger-image of the revaluation: what the flesh counted as assets. |
| 3:7 | ζημιαν:loss | [loss] – the same ledger now writes those assets off for the sake of the messiah. |
| 3:8 | ζημιαν:loss | [loss] – the loss is total: all things are counted loss beside the surpassing knowledge of the messiah. |
| 3:8 | εζημιωθην:I-suffered-loss | [I-suffered-loss] – the verb keeps Paul inside the ledger as the one who has suffered the loss. |
| 3:8 | ϲκυβαλα:refuse | [refuse] – the term of complete repudiation: all former gains are refuse in comparison with gaining the messiah. |
| 3:8 | κερδηϲω:I-might-gain | [I-might-gain] – the purpose of the whole revaluation: to gain the messiah himself. |
| 3:9 | δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness | [righteousness] – the righteousness from God stands over against the righteousness from law; the single gloss keeps the two in deliberate relation. |
| 3:9 | πιϲτεωϲ:faith | [faith] – the literal “faith of-Christ” keeps the full sense of the phrase, in which the messiah’s own faithfulness and the believer’s faith belong to the one movement of God’s righteousness. |
| 3:10 | αναϲταϲεωϲ:resurrection | [resurrection] – the power of the messiah’s resurrection is the present power that shapes conformity to his death; the gloss keeps that resurrection-power in view. |
| 3:10 | κοινωνιαν:partnership | [partnership] – the sharing in the messiah’s sufferings is a genuine co-participation; the gloss keeps the partnership register of the whole letter. |
| 3:10 | ϲυμμορφιζομενοϲ:being-conformed-to | [being-conformed-to] – the conformity root binds the present shape of the believer’s life to the messiah’s death; the gloss keeps that binding explicit. |
| 3:11 | εξαναϲταϲιν:out-resurrection | [out-resurrection] – the compound marks the final resurrection out from among the dead; the out- prefix preserves that distinctive, future-facing sense. |
(12) ουχ:Not οτι:that ηδη:already ελαβον:I-obtained η:or ηδη:already τετελειωμαι:I-have-been-perfected διωκω:I-pursue δε:but ει:if και:also καταλαβω:I-might-lay-hold εφ:on ω:which και:also κατελημφθην:I-was-laid-hold-of υπο:by χριϲτου:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus (13) αδελφοι:Brothers εγω:I εμαυτον:myself ου:not λογιζομαι:I-consider κατειληφεναι:to-have-laid-hold εν:one-thing δε:but τα:the μεν:indeed οπιϲω:behind επιλανθανομενοϲ:forgetting τοιϲ:the δε:but εμπροϲθεν:before επεκτεινομενοϲ:stretching-out (14) κατα:according-to ϲκοπον:goal διωκω:I-pursue ειϲ:unto το:the βραβειον:prize τηϲ:of-the ανω:upward κληϲεωϲ:call του:of-the θεου:God εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus (15) οϲοι:As-many-as ουν:therefore τελειοι:perfect τουτο:this φρονωμεν:we-might-think και:and ει:if τι:anything ετερωϲ:differently φρονειτε:you-think και:and τουτο:this ο:the θεοϲ:God υμιν:to-you αποκαλυψει:will-reveal (16) πλην:nevertheless ειϲ:unto ο:what εφθαϲαμεν:we-arrived τω:the αυτω:same ϲτοιχειν:to-walk-in-line
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:12 | τετελειωμαι:I-have-been-perfected | [I-have-been-perfected] – the claim to have already arrived is denied outright; the gloss keeps the perfection-word so the denial addresses that claim itself. |
| 3:14 | ϲκοπον:goal | [goal] – the fixed marker of the race. |
| 3:14 | βραβειον:prize | [prize] – the victor’s award of the upward call. |
| 3:14 | κληϲεωϲ:call | [call] – the upward call of God sets the race’s goal and prize. |
| 3:15 | τελειοι:perfect | [perfect] – the “perfect” are precisely those who know they have not yet arrived; the gloss keeps the wordplay with 3:12 and turns it toward maturity within the age to come that has broken in while the final consummation remains future. |
(17) ϲυμμιμηται:Co-imitators μου:of-me γινεϲθε:become αδελφοι:brothers και:and ϲκοπειτε:watch τουϲ:the ουτωϲ:thus περιπατουνταϲ:walking καθωϲ:just-as εχετε:you-have τυπον:pattern ημαϲ:us (18) πολλοι:Many γαρ:for περιπατουϲιν:walk ουϲ:whom πολλακιϲ:often ελεγον:I-used-to-tell υμιν:you νυν:now δε:but και:even κλαιων:weeping λεγω:I-tell τουϲ:the εχθρουϲ:enemies του:of-the ϲταυρου:cross του:of-the χριϲτου:Christ (19) ων:whose το:the τελοϲ:end απωλεια:destruction ων:whose ο:the θεοϲ:god η:the κοιλια:belly και:and η:the δοξα:glory εν:in τη:the αιϲχυνη:shame αυτων:of-them οι:the-ones τα:the επιγεια:earthly-things φρονουντεϲ:thinking (20) ημων:Our γαρ:for το:the πολιτευμα:citizenship εν:in ουρανοιϲ:heavens υπαρχει:exists εξ:from ου:which και:also ϲωτηρα:savior απεκδεχομεθα:we-eagerly-await κυριον:lord ιηϲουν:Jesus χριϲτον:Christ (21) οϲ:Who μεταϲχηματιϲει:will-transform το:the ϲωμα:body τηϲ:of-the ταπεινωϲεωϲ:humiliation ημων:of-us ϲυμμορφον:conformed-to τω:the ϲωματι:body τηϲ:of-the δοξηϲ:glory αυτου:of-him κατα:according-to την:the ενεργειαν:energy του:the δυναϲθαι:to-be-able αυτον:him και:even υποταξαι:to-subject αυτω:to-him τα:the παντα:all-things
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 3:20 | πολιτευμα:citizenship | [citizenship] – the colony-register of the letter: the assembly’s true commonwealth is in heaven; the gloss keeps the political force of the term. |
| 3:20 | ϲωτηρα:savior | [savior] – the one eagerly awaited from heaven is the deliverer of the age to come; the gloss keeps the eschatological weight of the title. |
| 3:21 | μεταϲχηματιϲει:will-transform | [will-transform] – the transformation is a change of outward fashion, from the body of humiliation to the body of glory; the gloss keeps the form-language connection with the hymn of 2:6-8. |
| 3:21 | ταπεινωϲεωϲ:humiliation | [humiliation] – the body of humiliation echoes the messiah’s self-humbling in 2:8; the gloss keeps that downward trajectory in view. |
| 3:21 | ϲυμμορφον:conformed-to | [conformed-to] – the conformity root from 3:10 resolves here in the believer’s final conformity to the messiah’s glorified body; the gloss completes that arc. |
| 3:21 | ενεργειαν:energy | [energy] – the divine energy at work is the one God’s own power operating through His appointed agent; the gloss keeps the inworking-language of 2:13 alive. |
Philippians 4
(1) ωϲτε:Therefore αδελφοι:brothers μου:my αγαπητοι:beloved και:and επιποθητοι:longed-for χαρα:joy και:and ϲτεφανοϲ:crown μου:of-me ουτωϲ:thus ϲτηκετε:stand εν:in κυριω:lord αγαπητοι:beloved (2) ευοδιαν:Euodia παρακαλω:I-exhort και:and ϲυντυχην:Syntyche παρακαλω:I-exhort το:the αυτο:same φρονειν:to-think εν:in κυριω:lord (3) ναι:Yes ερωτω:I-ask και:also ϲε:you γνηϲιε:genuine ϲυζυγε:yokefellow ϲυλλαμβανου:take-hold-together-with αυταιϲ:them αιτινεϲ:who εν:in τω:the ευαγγελιω:glad-tidings ϲυνηθληϲαν:contended-alongside μοι:me μετα:with και:also κλημεντοϲ:Clement και:and των:the λοιπων:rest ϲυνεργων:fellow-workers μου:of-me ων:whose τα:the ονοματα:names εν:in βιβλω:book ζωηϲ:of-life
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:3 | ευαγγελιω:glad-tidings | [glad-tidings] – the women contended alongside Paul in the royal announcement itself; the gloss keeps the heraldic register of their shared work. |
| 4:3 | ϲυνηθληϲαν:contended-alongside | [contended-alongside] – the co- prefix keeps the shared struggle of these fellow workers in the glad-tidings; the gloss preserves the contending-alongside image of 1:27. |
| 4:3 | ϲυνεργων:fellow-workers | [fellow-workers] – the fellow-worker language keeps the shared work of the mission in view; the “fellow-” prefix preserves the co-participation. |
(4) χαιρετε:Rejoice εν:in κυριω:lord παντοτε:always παλιν:again ερω:I-will-say χαιρετε:rejoice (5) το:The επιεικεϲ:gentleness υμων:of-you γνωϲθητω:let-be-known παϲιν:to-all ανθρωποιϲ:humans ο:the κυριοϲ:Lord εγγυϲ:near (6) μηδεν:Nothing μεριμνατε:be-anxious αλλ:but εν:in παντι:everything τη:the προϲευχη:prayer και:and τη:the δεηϲει:petition μετα:with ευχαριϲτιαϲ:thanksgiving τα:the αιτηματα:requests υμων:of-you γνωριζεϲθω:let-be-made-known προϲ:to τον:the θεον:God (7) και:and η:the ειρηνη:peace του:of-the θεου:God η:the υπερεχουϲα:surpassing παντα:every νουν:mind φρουρηϲει:will-guard ταϲ:the καρδιαϲ:hearts υμων:of-you και:and τα:the νοηματα:thoughts υμων:of-you εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus
(8) το:The λοιπον:remaining αδελφοι:brothers οϲα:whatever εϲτιν:is αληθη:true οϲα:whatever ϲεμνα:honorable οϲα:whatever δικαια:just οϲα:whatever αγνα:pure οϲα:whatever προϲφιλη:lovable οϲα:whatever ευφημα:well-spoken-of ει:if τιϲ:any αρετη:excellence και:and ει:if τιϲ:any επαινοϲ:praise ταυτα:these λογιζεϲθε:consider (9) α:what και:also εμαθετε:you-learned και:and παρελαβετε:you-received και:and ηκουϲατε:you-heard και:and ειδετε:you-saw εν:in εμοι:me ταυτα:these πραϲϲετε:practice και:and ο:the θεοϲ:God τηϲ:of-the ειρηνηϲ:peace εϲται:will-be μεθ:with υμων:you
(10) εχαρην:I-rejoiced δε:but εν:in κυριω:lord μεγαλωϲ:greatly οτι:that ηδη:now ποτε:at-last ανεθαλετε:you-sprouted-again το:the υπερ:for εμου:me φρονειν:to-think εφ:on ω:which και:also εφρονειτε:you-were-thinking ηκαιρειϲθε:you-were-lacking-opportunity δε:but (11) ουχ:Not οτι:that καθ:according-to υϲτερηϲιν:lack λεγω:I-say εγω:I γαρ:for εμαθον:I-learned εν:in οιϲ:whatever ειμι:I-am αυταρκηϲ:content ειναι:to-be (12) οιδα:I-know και:also ταπεινουϲθαι:to-be-humbled οιδα:I-know και:also περιϲϲευειν:to-abound εν:in παντι:everything και:and εν:in παϲιν:all-things μεμυημαι:I-have-been-initiated και:both χορταζεϲθαι:to-be-fed και:and πειναν:to-hunger και:and περιϲϲευειν:to-abound και:and υϲτερειϲθαι:to-be-in-lack (13) παντα:All-things ιϲχυω:I-am-strong εν:in τω:the ενδυναμουντι:empowering με:me
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:11 | αυταρκηϲ:content | [content] – the contentment Paul learned is a sufficiency redefined by the messiah’s empowering; the gloss carries that learned, redefined sense. |
| 4:13 | ενδυναμουντι:empowering | [empowering] – the empowering one is the messiah as the appointed agent through whom the one God’s strength flows; the gloss keeps the dependence on the agent rather than any autonomous capacity. |
(14) πλην:Nevertheless καλωϲ:well εποιηϲατε:you-did ϲυγκοινωνηϲαντεϲ:having-co-shared μου:with-me τη:the θλιψει:affliction (15) οιδατε:You-know δε:but και:also υμειϲ:you φιλιππηϲιοι:Philippians οτι:that εν:in αρχη:beginning του:of-the ευαγγελιου:glad-tidings οτε:when εξηλθον:I-went-out απο:from μακεδονιαϲ:Macedonia ουδεμια:no μοι:to-me εκκληϲια:assembly εκοινωνηϲεν:shared ειϲ:unto λογον:reckoning δοϲεωϲ:of-giving και:and λημψεωϲ:of-receiving ει:except μη:not υμειϲ:you μονοι:alone (16) οτι:that και:also εν:in θεϲϲαλονικη:Thessalonica και:both απαξ:once και:and διϲ:twice ειϲ:for την:the χρειαν:need μοι:to-me επεμψατε:you-sent (17) ουχ:Not οτι:that επιζητω:I-earnestly-seek το:the δομα:gift αλλ:but επιζητω:I-earnestly-seek τον:the καρπον:fruit τον:the πλεοναζοντα:abounding ειϲ:unto λογον:reckoning υμων:of-you (18) απεχω:I-hold-fully δε:but παντα:all-things και:and περιϲϲευω:I-abound πεπληρωμαι:I-have-been-filled δεξαμενοϲ:having-received παρα:from επαφροδιτου:Epaphroditus τα:the παρ:from υμων:you οϲμην:odor ευωδιαϲ:of-fragrance θυϲιαν:sacrifice δεκτην:acceptable ευαρεϲτον:well-pleasing τω:to-the θεω:God (19) ο:the δε:but θεοϲ:God μου:my πληρωϲει:will-fill παϲαν:every χρειαν:need υμων:of-you κατα:according-to το:the πλουτοϲ:riches αυτου:of-him εν:in δοξη:glory εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus (20) τω:To-the δε:but θεω:God και:and πατρι:Father ημων:of-us η:the δοξα:glory ειϲ:unto τουϲ:the αιωναϲ:ages των:of-the αιωνων:ages αμην:Amen
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:14 | ϲυγκοινωνηϲαντεϲ:having-co-shared | [having-co-shared] – the co-sharing root marks the Philippians’ act as a real partnership in Paul’s affliction; the gloss keeps that shared-participation sense. |
| 4:15 | ευαγγελιου:glad-tidings | [glad-tidings] – the beginning of the royal announcement frames the exclusive partnership; the gloss keeps the heraldic register. |
| 4:15 | εκκληϲια:assembly | [assembly] – no assembly shared in the reckoning except the Philippians; the gloss names the gathered community in its first-century sense. |
| 4:15 | εκοινωνηϲεν:shared | [shared] – the partnership verb of giving and receiving; the gloss keeps the shared-participation sense of the bond. |
| 4:15 | λογον:reckoning δοϲεωϲ:of-giving και:and λημψεωϲ:of-receiving | [reckoning of-giving and-of-receiving] – the patronage ledger of the partnership; the glosses keep the accounting frame of giving and receiving. |
| 4:16 | χρειαν:need | [need] – the concrete, material need served by the repeated gifts; the gloss keeps the practical sense of the partnership. |
| 4:17 | δομα:gift | [gift] – the gift itself is not the goal; the fruit that abounds to the account is the goal; the gloss keeps the benefaction-register. |
| 4:17 | λογον:reckoning | [reckoning] – the account that accrues fruit; the gloss keeps the patronage-ledger image of the whole passage. |
| 4:18 | απεχω:I-hold-fully | [I-hold-fully] – the receipt-in-full idiom of the commercial world: Paul acknowledges the gift as fully received; the gloss keeps that formal acknowledgment. |
| 4:18 | οϲμην:odor ευωδιαϲ:of-fragrance θυϲιαν:sacrifice | [odor of-fragrance sacrifice] – the gift is cast in the temple-fragrance idiom of an acceptable sacrifice to God; the glosses keep that cultic weight. |
| 4:19 | χρειαν:need | [need] – the one God fills every need as the ultimate patron; the gloss keeps the concrete, material sense of the ledger. |
(21) αϲπαϲαϲθε:Greet παντα:every αγιον:holy-one εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus αϲπαζονται:Greet υμαϲ:you οι:the ϲυν:with εμοι:me αδελφοι:brothers (22) αϲπαζονται:Greet υμαϲ:you παντεϲ:all οι:the αγιοι:holy-ones μαλιϲτα:especially δε:but οι:the εκ:from τηϲ:the καιϲαροϲ:of-Caesar οικιαϲ:household (23) η:the χαριϲ:grace του:of-the κυριου:lord ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ μετα:with του:the πνευματοϲ:spirit υμων:of-you
Lexical Decisions:
| Verse | Greek → English | Decision Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 4:21 | αγιον:holy-one | [holy-one] – the greeting names the assembly as God’s people; the gloss keeps the corporate, first-century sense. |
| 4:22 | αγιοι:holy-ones | [holy-ones] – the closing greeting extends the same naming to all the assembly, including those of Caesar’s household; the gloss keeps that people-shaped sense. |