1 Timothy

Shaliah New Testament Interlinear

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Commentary | Interlinear | English

1 Timothy 1

(1) παυλοϲ:Paul αποϲτολοϲ:apostle χριϲτου:of-Christ ιηϲου:of-Jesus κατ:according-to επιταγην:command θεου:of-God ϲωτηροϲ:Saviour ημων:of-us και:and χριϲτου:of-Christ ιηϲου:of-Jesus τηϲ:the ελπιδοϲ:hope ημων:of-us (2) τιμοθεω:to-Timothy γνηϲιω:genuine τεκνω:child εν:in πιϲτει:faith χαριϲ:grace ελεοϲ:mercy ειρηνη:peace απο:from θεου:God πατροϲ:Father και:and χριϲτου:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus του:the κυριου:lord ημων:of-us

(3) καθωϲ:Just-as παρεκαλεϲα:I-urged ϲε:you προϲμειναι:to-remain εν:in εφεϲω:Ephesus πορευομενοϲ:going ειϲ:to μακεδονιαν:Macedonia ινα:that παραγγειληϲ:you-might-command τιϲιν:to-certain-ones μη:not ετεροδιδαϲκαλειν:to-teach-different-doctrine (4) μηδε:nor προϲεχειν:to-devote-attention μυθοιϲ:to-myths και:and γενεαλογιαιϲ:to-genealogies απεραντοιϲ:endless αιτινεϲ:which εκζητηϲειϲ:speculations παρεχουϲιν:they-provide μαλλον:rather η:than οικονομιαν:stewardship θεου:of-God την:the εν:in πιϲτει:faith (5) το:The δε:but τελοϲ:goal τηϲ:of-the παραγγελιαϲ:of-command εϲτιν:is αγαπη:love εκ:out-of καθαραϲ:pure καρδιαϲ:heart και:and ϲυνειδηϲεωϲ:conscience αγαθηϲ:good και:and πιϲτεωϲ:faith ανυποκριτου:unhypocritical (6) ων:from-which τινεϲ:some αϲτοχηϲαντεϲ:having-missed-the-mark εξετραπηϲαν:they-turned-aside ειϲ:to ματαιολογιαν:empty-talk (7) θελοντεϲ:wanting ειναι:to-be νομοδιδαϲκαλοι:law-teachers μη:not νοουντεϲ:understanding μητε:neither α:the-things-which λεγουϲιν:they-say μητε:nor περι:about τινων:what-things διαβεβαιουνται:they-make-solemn-assertions

(8) οιδαμεν:We-know δε:but οτι:that καλοϲ:good ο:the νομοϲ:law εαν:if τιϲ:anyone αυτω:it νομιμωϲ:lawfully χρηται:uses (9) ειδωϲ:knowing τουτο:this οτι:that δικαιω:for-righteous νομοϲ:law ου:not κειται:is-appointed ανομοιϲ:for-lawless δε:but και:and ανυποτακτοιϲ:for-insubordinate αϲεβεϲιν:for-ungodly και:and αμαρτωλοιϲ:for-sinners ανοϲιοιϲ:for-unholy και:and βεβηλοιϲ:for-profane πατρολωαιϲ:for-father-strikers και:and μητρολωαιϲ:for-mother-strikers ανδροφονοιϲ:for-man-slayers (10) πορνοιϲ:for-sexually-immoral αρϲενοκοιταιϲ:for-male-bedders ανδραποδιϲταιϲ:for-slave-traders ψευϲταιϲ:for-liars επιορκοιϲ:for-perjurers και:and ει:if τι:any ετερον:other τη:to-the υγιαινουϲη:healthy διδαϲκαλια:teaching αντικειται:opposes (11) κατα:according-to το:the ευαγγελιον:glad-tidings τηϲ:of-the δοξηϲ:glory του:of-the μακαριου:blessed θεου:God ο:which επιϲτευθην:I-was-entrusted εγω:I

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
1:11	ευαγγελιον:glad-tidings	[glad-tidings] – The established gloss keeps the royal gravity of the message entrusted to Paul: the glad tidings of the glory of the blessed God.

(12) χαριν:Thanks εχω:I-have τω:to-the-one ενδυναμωϲαντι:having-empowered με:me χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus τω:the κυριω:lord ημων:of-us οτι:that πιϲτον:faithful με:me ηγηϲατο:he-considered θεμενοϲ:having-placed ειϲ:into διακονιαν:service (13) το:the προτερον:formerly οντα:being βλαϲφημον:a-slanderer και:and διωκτην:a-persecutor και:and υβριϲτην:an-insolent-man αλλ:but ηλεηθην:I-was-shown-mercy οτι:because αγνοων:being-ignorant εποιηϲα:I-acted εν:in απιϲτια:unbelief (14) υπερεπλεοναϲεν:Superabounded δε:but η:the χαριϲ:grace του:of-the κυριου:lord ημων:of-us μετα:with πιϲτεωϲ:faith και:and αγαπηϲ:love τηϲ:the εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus (15) πιϲτοϲ:Faithful ο:the λογοϲ:saying και:and παϲηϲ:of-all αποδοχηϲ:of-acceptance αξιοϲ:worthy οτι:that χριϲτοϲ:Christ ιηϲουϲ:Jesus ηλθεν:came ειϲ:into τον:the κοϲμον:world αμαρτωλουϲ:sinners ϲωϲαι:to-save ων:of-whom πρωτοϲ:first ειμι:I-am εγω:I (16) αλλα:But δια:because-of τουτο:this ηλεηθην:I-was-shown-mercy ινα:that εν:in εμοι:me πρωτω:first ενδειξηται:he-might-display χριϲτοϲ:Christ ιηϲουϲ:Jesus την:the απαϲαν:entire μακροθυμιαν:patience προϲ:as υποτυπωϲιν:a-pattern των:of-those μελλοντων:being-about-to πιϲτευειν:to-believe επ:on αυτω:him ειϲ:for ζωην:life αιωνιον:eternal (17) τω:To-the δε:but βαϲιλει:King των:of-the αιωνων:of-ages αφθαρτω:incorruptible αορατω:invisible μονω:alone θεω:God τιμη:honor και:and δοξα:glory ειϲ:to τουϲ:the αιωναϲ:ages των:of-the αιωνων:of-ages αμην:amen

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
1:13	βλαϲφημον:a-slanderer	[a-slanderer] – The book-wide gloss for this word-family; it names Paul's former conduct as slander, whether the word is used against God (1:13; 6:1, 6:4) or against neighbours (1:20).
1:15	πιϲτοϲ ο λογοϲ : faithful the saying	[faithful the saying] – The recurring catechetical formula (1:15; 3:1; 4:9) presents a saying worthy of trust and full acceptance — a compact confession that anchors the argument.

(18) ταυτην:This την:the παραγγελιαν:command παρατιθεμαι:I-entrust ϲοι:to-you τεκνον:child τιμοθεε:Timothy κατα:according-to ταϲ:the προαγουϲαϲ:having-gone-before επι:upon ϲε:you προφητειαϲ:prophecies ινα:that ϲτρατευη:you-might-wage-war εν:in αυταιϲ:them την:the καλην:good ϲτρατειαν:warfare (19) εχων:having πιϲτιν:faith και:and αγαθην:good ϲυνειδηϲιν:conscience ην:which τινεϲ:some απωϲαμενοι:having-thrust-away περι:concerning την:the πιϲτιν:faith εναυαγηϲαν:they-were-shipwrecked (20) ων:of-whom εϲτιν:are υμεναιοϲ:Hymenaeus και:and αλεξανδροϲ:Alexander ουϲ:whom παρεδωκα:I-delivered τω:to-the ϲατανα:Adversary ινα:that παιδευθωϲιν:they-might-be-disciplined μη:not βλαϲφημειν:to-slander

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
1:20	ϲατανα:Adversary	[Adversary] – The title-form is the book's consistent designation for the opposing figure; here he is the one to whom Hymenaeus and Alexander are handed over, that the discipline may teach them to cease their slander.
1:20	βλαϲφημειν:to-slander	[to-slander] – The stated aim of the discipline is that they stop slandering; the same established gloss for this word-family as at 1:13.

1 Timothy 2

(1) παρακαλω:I-exhort ουν:therefore πρωτον:first παντων:of-all ποιειϲθαι:to-be-made δεηϲειϲ:supplications προϲευχαϲ:prayers εντευξειϲ:intercessions ευχαριϲτιαϲ:thanksgivings υπερ:for παντων:all ανθρωπων:men (2) υπερ:for βαϲιλεων:of-kings και:and παντων:all των:those εν:in υπεροχη:high-position οντων:being ινα:that ηρεμον:tranquil και:and ηϲυχιον:quiet βιον:life διαγωμεν:we-might-pass εν:in παϲη:all ευϲεβεια:godliness και:and ϲεμνοτητι:dignity (3) τουτο:This καλον:good και:and αποδεκτον:acceptable ενωπιον:before του:the ϲωτηροϲ:Saviour ημων:of-us θεου:God (4) οϲ:who πανταϲ:all ανθρωπουϲ:men θελει:wants ϲωθηναι:to-be-saved και:and ειϲ:to επιγνωϲιν:knowledge αληθειαϲ:of-truth ελθειν:to-come (5) ειϲ:One γαρ:for θεοϲ:God ειϲ:one και:and μεϲιτηϲ:mediator θεου:of-God και:and ανθρωπων:of-men ανθρωποϲ:man χριϲτοϲ:Christ ιηϲουϲ:Jesus (6) ο:the-one δουϲ:having-given εαυτον:himself αντιλυτρον:ransom-in-exchange υπερ:for παντων:all το:the μαρτυριον:testimony καιροιϲ:at-times ιδιοιϲ:its-own (7) ειϲ:for ο:which ετεθην:I-was-appointed εγω:I κηρυξ:herald και:and αποϲτολοϲ:apostle αληθειαν:truth λεγω:I-say ου:not ψευδομαι:I-lie διδαϲκαλοϲ:teacher εθνων:of-nations εν:in πιϲτει:faith και:and αληθεια:truth

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
2:4	επιγνωϲιν:knowledge	[knowledge] – The established sense is the full and true knowledge of the truth that God wills all people to come to; the same knowledge appears at 4:3 as the mark of those who receive God's creation with thanksgiving.
2:5	μεϲιτηϲ:mediator	[mediator] – Within the Shema confession (“one God”), the mediator is the appointed go-between: the man Christ Jesus, the one agent between God and humanity.
2:6	αντιλυτρον:ransom-in-exchange	[ransom-in-exchange] – The compound gloss conveys the exchange-for character of the act: the Messiah's giving of himself on behalf of all, the servant-agency pattern of Isa 53.

(8) βουλομαι:I-want ουν:therefore προϲευχεϲθαι:to-pray τουϲ:the ανδραϲ:men εν:in παντι:every τοπω:place επαιρονταϲ:lifting οϲιουϲ:holy χειραϲ:hands χωριϲ:without οργηϲ:wrath και:and διαλογιϲμου:dispute (9) ωϲαυτωϲ:Likewise και:also γυναικαϲ:women εν:in καταϲτολη:apparel κοϲμιω:modest μετα:with αιδουϲ:modesty και:and ϲωφροϲυνηϲ:sobriety κοϲμειν:to-adorn εαυταϲ:themselves μη:not εν:with πλεγμαϲιν:braids και:and χρυϲιω:gold η:or μαργαριταιϲ:pearls η:or ιματιϲμω:clothing πολυτελει:expensive (10) αλλ:but ο:that-which πρεπει:is-fitting γυναιξιν:for-women επαγγελλομεναιϲ:professing θεοϲεβειαν:godliness δι:through εργων:works αγαθων:good (11) γυνη:A-woman εν:in ηϲυχια:quietness μανθανετω:let-her-learn εν:in παϲη:all υποταγη:submission (12) διδαϲκειν:To-teach δε:but γυναικι:for-a-woman ουκ:not επιτρεπω:I-permit ουδε:nor αυθεντειν:to-have-authority ανδροϲ:over-a-man αλλ:but ειναι:to-be εν:in ηϲυχια:quietness (13) αδαμ:Adam γαρ:for πρωτοϲ:first επλαϲθη:was-formed ειτα:then ευα:Eve (14) και:And αδαμ:Adam ουκ:not ηπατηθη:was-deceived η:the δε:but γυνη:woman εξαπατηθειϲα:having-been-beguiled εν:in παραβαϲει:transgression γεγονεν:has-become (15) ϲωθηϲεται:She-will-be-saved δε:but δια:through τηϲ:the τεκνογονιαϲ:childbearing εαν:if μεινωϲιν:they-remain εν:in πιϲτει:faith και:and αγαπη:love και:and αγιαϲμω:holiness μετα:with ϲωφροϲυνηϲ:sobriety

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
2:8	ανδραϲ:men	[men] – In the assembly at prayer the gloss is “men” (adult males); the book's convention reserves “husband” for household contexts (3:2; 3:12; 5:9).
2:9	γυναικαϲ:women	[women] – Likewise “women” (adult females) in the assembly context; “wife” is reserved for household contexts.
2:11	ηϲυχια:quietness	[quietness] – The gloss denotes the orderly disposition befitting a learner in the assembly — the calm that belongs to the good order of the gathering.
2:12	ηϲυχια:quietness	[quietness] – The same orderly disposition as at 2:11, carried into the prohibition: the woman is to continue in this quietness.
2:12	ανδροϲ:over-a-man	[over-a-man] – The adult-male sense of the term: the clause forbids the exercise of authority over a man, in line with the book's consistent rendering of the word.

1 Timothy 3

(1) πιϲτοϲ:Faithful ο:the λογοϲ:saying ει:if τιϲ:anyone επιϲκοπηϲ:of-oversight ορεγεται:reaches-after καλου:good εργου:work επιθυμει:desires (2) δει:It-is-necessary ουν:therefore τον:the επιϲκοπον:overseer ανεπιλημπτον:above-reproach ειναι:to-be μιαϲ:of-one γυναικοϲ:wife ανδρα:husband νηφαλιον:sober ϲωφρονα:sensible κοϲμιον:respectable φιλοξενον:hospitable διδακτικον:skillful-in-teaching (3) μη:not παροινον:given-to-wine μη:not πληκτην:a-striker αλλ:but επιεικη:gentle αμαχον:not-quarrelsome αφιλαργυρον:not-loving-money (4) του:of-the ιδιου:one's-own οικου:house καλωϲ:well προιϲταμενον:managing τεκνα:children εχοντα:having εν:in υποταγη:submission μετα:with παϲηϲ:all ϲεμνοτητοϲ:dignity (5) ει:If δε:but τιϲ:anyone του:of-the ιδιου:own οικου:house προϲτηναι:to-manage ουκ:not οιδεν:knows πωϲ:how εκκληϲιαϲ:assembly θεου:of-God επιμεληϲεται:he-will-care-for (6) μη:Not νεοφυτον:newly-planted ινα:that μη:not τυφωθειϲ:having-been-puffed-up ειϲ:into κριμα:judgment εμπεϲη:he-fall του:of-the διαβολου:devil (7) δει:It-is-necessary δε:but και:also μαρτυριαν:testimony καλην:good εχειν:to-have απο:from των:those εξωθεν:outside ινα:that μη:not ειϲ:into ονειδιϲμον:reproach εμπεϲη:he-fall και:and παγιδα:snare του:of-the διαβολου:devil

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
3:1	επιϲκοπηϲ:of-oversight	[of-oversight] – The noun belongs to the same oversight word-family as the “overseer” of 3:2; the language names a function of care for the assembly.
3:1	ορεγεται:reaches-after	[reaches-after] – The verb marks a worthy aspiration: reaching after the office of oversight is good work to desire; the same verb takes “desiring” when its object is money (6:10).
3:2	επιϲκοπον:overseer	[overseer] – The established gloss for the office, preserving the functional sense of the one who watches over the assembly of God.
3:2	γυναικοϲ:wife	[wife] – The household context of the qualifications calls for the “wife” gloss: the overseer is to be a husband of one wife (also 3:12; 5:9).
3:2	ανδρα:husband	[husband] – Similarly, the household context calls for “husband,” marking the marital fidelity required of the overseer.
3:4	προιϲταμενον:managing	[managing] – Managing his own house well is the demonstrated qualification for caring for the assembly of God; the “manage” gloss belongs to household administration, while the same verb takes “lead” when elders are in view (5:17).
3:5	εκκληϲιαϲ:assembly	[assembly] – The established gloss for the gathered people of God: the one who cannot manage his own household will not care for the assembly of God.
3:6	διαβολου:devil	[devil] – The gloss keeps this figure distinct from the title “Adversary”: the newly installed overseer's peril is the devil's judgment, the condemnation of the slanderer.
3:7	διαβολου:devil	[devil] – The same distinct gloss as at 3:6: a good testimony from outsiders is required so that the overseer does not fall into the devil's reproach and snare.

(8) διακονουϲ:Deacons ωϲαυτωϲ:likewise ϲεμνουϲ:dignified μη:not διλογουϲ:double-worded μη:not οινω:to-wine πολλω:much προϲεχονταϲ:devoting-attention μη:not αιϲχροκερδειϲ:greedy-of-shameful-gain (9) εχονταϲ:having το:the μυϲτηριον:mystery τηϲ:of-the πιϲτεωϲ:of-faith εν:in καθαρα:clean ϲυνειδηϲει:conscience (10) και:And ουτοι:these δε:also δοκιμαζεϲθωϲαν:let-be-tested πρωτον:first ειτα:then διακονειτωϲαν:let-them-serve ανεγκλητοι:irreproachable οντεϲ:being (11) γυναικαϲ:Women ωϲαυτωϲ:likewise ϲεμναϲ:dignified μη:not διαβολουϲ:slanderers νηφαλιουϲ:sober πιϲταϲ:faithful εν:in παϲιν:all-things (12) διακονοι:Deacons εϲτωϲαν:let-they-be μιαϲ:of-one γυναικοϲ:wife ανδρεϲ:husbands τεκνων:of-children καλωϲ:well προιϲταμενοι:managing και:and των:of-the ιδιων:own οικων:houses (13) οι:Those γαρ:for καλωϲ:well διακονηϲαντεϲ:having-served βαθμον:standing εαυτοιϲ:for-themselves καλον:good περιποιουνται:procure και:and πολλην:much παρρηϲιαν:boldness εν:in πιϲτει:faith τη:the εν:in χριϲτω:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
3:8	διακονουϲ:Deacons	[deacons] – The established gloss for the office of those who serve the assembly; the non-office sense is rendered “servant” (4:6).
3:9	μυϲτηριον:mystery	[mystery] – The mystery of the faith is the revealed divine purpose, held in a clean conscience; the gloss follows the Dan 2 idiom of a plan now disclosed.
3:10	ανεγκλητοι:irreproachable	[irreproachable] – The distinct gloss keeps this qualification word apart from “above-reproach” (3:2): those who serve must first be tested and be without accusation.
3:12	διακονοι:Deacons	[deacons] – The office gloss again, joined to the household fidelity and management required of deacons, as of overseers.
3:12	γυναικοϲ:wife	[wife] – The household context calls for the “wife” gloss (“husbands of one wife”), as at 3:2.
3:12	ανδρεϲ:husbands	[husbands] – The household context calls for the “husband” gloss, matching the fidelity clause of 3:2.
3:12	προιϲταμενοι:managing	[managing] – The same household-management gloss as at 3:4: deacons must manage their children and their own houses well.

(14) ταυτα:These-things ϲοι:to-you γραφω:I-write ελπιζων:hoping ελθειν:to-come προϲ:to ϲε:you εν:in ταχει:haste (15) εαν:If δε:but βραδυνω:I-delay ινα:that ειδηϲ:you-may-know πωϲ:how δει:it-is-necessary εν:in οικω:house θεου:of-God αναϲτρεφεϲθαι:to-conduct-oneself ητιϲ:which εϲτιν:is εκκληϲια:assembly θεου:of-God ζωντοϲ:living ϲτυλοϲ:pillar και:and εδραιωμα:foundation τηϲ:of-the αληθειαϲ:truth (16) και:And ομολογουμενωϲ:confessedly μεγα:great εϲτιν:is το:the τηϲ:of-the ευϲεβειαϲ:of-godliness μυϲτηριον:mystery οϲ:who εφανερωθη:was-manifested εν:in ϲαρκι:flesh εδικαιωθη:was-vindicated εν:in πνευματι:spirit ωφθη:was-seen αγγελοιϲ:by-angels εκηρυχθη:was-proclaimed εν:in εθνεϲιν:nations επιϲτευθη:was-believed εν:in κοϲμω:world ανελημφθη:was-taken-up εν:in δοξη:glory

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
3:15	εκκληϲια:assembly	[assembly] – The assembly of the living God is the pillar and foundation of the truth; the established gloss names the gathered people of God in the household of God.
3:16	μυϲτηριον:mystery	[mystery] – The mystery of godliness is the revealed divine purpose summed up in the six-line creed: the Messiah manifested in flesh, vindicated in spirit, seen by angels, proclaimed among nations, believed in the world, taken up in glory.

1 Timothy 4

(1) το:The δε:but πνευμα:spirit ρητωϲ:expressly λεγει:says οτι:that εν:in υϲτεροιϲ:later καιροιϲ:times αποϲτηϲονται:will-depart τινεϲ:some τηϲ:from-the πιϲτεωϲ:faith προϲεχοντεϲ:devoting-attention πνευμαϲιν:to-spirits πλανοιϲ:deceiving και:and διδαϲκαλιαιϲ:to-teachings δαιμονιων:of-demons (2) εν:in υποκριϲει:hypocrisy ψευδολογων:of-lie-speakers κεκαυϲτηριαϲμενων:having-been-seared την:the ιδιαν:own ϲυνειδηϲιν:conscience (3) κωλυοντων:Forbidding γαμειν:to-marry απεχεϲθαι:to-abstain βρωματων:from-foods α:which θεοϲ:God εκτιϲεν:created ειϲ:for μεταλημψιν:partaking μετα:with ευχαριϲτιαϲ:thanksgiving τοιϲ:for-the πιϲτοιϲ:believers και:and επεγνωκοϲι:having-come-to-know την:the αληθειαν:truth (4) οτι:That παν:every κτιϲμα:creature θεου:of-God καλον:good και:and ουδεν:nothing αποβλητον:rejectable μετα:with ευχαριϲτιαϲ:thanksgiving λαμβανομενον:being-received (5) αγιαζεται:It-is-sanctified γαρ:for δια:through λογου:word θεου:of-God και:and εντευξεωϲ:intercession

(6) ταυτα:These-things υποτιθεμενοϲ:laying-before τοιϲ:to-the αδελφοιϲ:brothers καλοϲ:good εϲη:you-will-be διακονοϲ:servant χριϲτου:of-Christ ιηϲου:Jesus εντρεφομενοϲ:being-nourished-in τοιϲ:the λογοιϲ:words τηϲ:of-the πιϲτεωϲ:faith και:and τηϲ:the καληϲ:good διδαϲκαλιαϲ:teaching η:which παρηκολουθηκαϲ:you-have-followed (7) τουϲ:The δε:but βεβηλουϲ:profane και:and γραωδειϲ:old-womanish μυθουϲ:myths παραιτου:refuse γυμναζε:train δε:but ϲεαυτον:yourself προϲ:unto ευϲεβειαν:godliness (8) η:The γαρ:for ϲωματικη:bodily γυμναϲια:training προϲ:for ολιγον:little εϲτιν:is ωφελιμοϲ:useful η:the δε:but ευϲεβεια:godliness προϲ:for παντα:all-things ωφελιμοϲ:useful εϲτιν:is επαγγελιαν:promise εχουϲα:having ζωηϲ:of-life τηϲ:the νυν:now και:and τηϲ:the μελλουϲηϲ:coming (9) πιϲτοϲ:Faithful ο:the λογοϲ:saying και:and παϲηϲ:of-all αποδοχηϲ:acceptance αξιοϲ:worthy (10) ειϲ:Unto τουτο:this γαρ:for κοπιωμεν:we-toil και:and αγωνιζομεθα:we-contend οτι:because ηλπικαμεν:we-have-hoped επι:on θεω:God ζωντι:living οϲ:who εϲτιν:is ϲωτηρ:Saviour παντων:of-all ανθρωπων:men μαλιϲτα:especially πιϲτων:believers

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
4:6	διακονοϲ:servant	[servant] – Here the word is not an office title but the non-office sense of one who serves: Timothy is to be a good servant of Christ Jesus, nourished in the words of the faith. The office sense is reserved for the deacons of 3:8 and 3:12.
4:6	καληϲ διδαϲκαλιαϲ : good teaching	[good teaching] – The teaching that Timothy has followed is the letter's normative instruction; the established gloss keeps "good teaching" distinct from the "healthy teaching" of 1:10 and 6:3 while belonging to the same teaching thread.
4:9	πιϲτοϲ ο λογοϲ : faithful the saying	[faithful the saying] – The recurring catechetical formula (1:15; 3:1; 4:9) presents a saying worthy of trust and full acceptance; the gloss keeps the saying a saying, not a personified Word.

(11) παραγγελλε:Command ταυτα:these-things και:and διδαϲκε:teach (12) μηδειϲ:No-one ϲου:your τηϲ:the νεοτητοϲ:youth καταφρονειτω:let-despise αλλα:but τυποϲ:example γινου:become των:of-the πιϲτων:believers εν:in λογω:word εν:in αναϲτροφη:conduct εν:in αγαπη:love εν:in πιϲτει:faith εν:in αγνεια:purity (13) εωϲ:Until ερχομαι:I-come προϲεχε:devote-attention τη:to-the αναγνωϲει:reading τη:to-the παρακληϲει:exhortation τη:to-the διδαϲκαλια:teaching (14) μη:Do-not αμελει:neglect του:the εν:in ϲοι:you χαριϲματοϲ:gift ο:which εδοθη:was-given ϲοι:to-you δια:through προφητειαϲ:prophecy μετα:with επιθεϲεωϲ:laying-on των:of-the χειρων:hands του:of-the πρεϲβυτεριου:elder-body (15) ταυτα:These-things μελετα:practice εν:in τουτοιϲ:these-things ιϲθι:be ινα:that ϲου:your η:the προκοπη:progress φανερα:manifest η:may-be παϲιν:to-all (16) επεχε:Pay-attention ϲεαυτω:to-yourself και:and τη:to-the διδαϲκαλια:teaching επιμενε:continue αυτοιϲ:in-them τουτο:this γαρ:for ποιων:doing και:both ϲεαυτον:yourself ϲωϲειϲ:you-will-save και:and τουϲ:the ακουονταϲ:ones-hearing ϲου:you

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
4:14	πρεϲβυτεριου:elder-body	[elder-body] – The collective body of elders who, with prophecy and the laying-on of hands, confirmed the gift given to Timothy — the commissioning pattern of Num 27:18‑23.

1 Timothy 5

(1) πρεϲβυτερω:To-an-older-man μη:not επιπληξηϲ:you-should-rebuke αλλα:but παρακαλει:exhort ωϲ:as πατερα:father νεωτερουϲ:younger-men ωϲ:as αδελφουϲ:brothers (2) πρεϲβυτεραϲ:Older-women ωϲ:as μητεραϲ:mothers νεωτεραϲ:younger-women ωϲ:as αδελφαϲ:sisters εν:in παϲη:all αγνεια:purity

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
5:1	πρεϲβυτερω:To-an-older-man	[To-an-older-man] – The age-group sense governs the counsel: Timothy is to treat the older man as a father and exhort rather than rebuke him.

(3) χηραϲ:Widows τιμα:honor ταϲ:the οντωϲ:really χηραϲ:widows (4) ει:If δε:but τιϲ:any χηρα:widow τεκνα:children η:or εκγονα:grandchildren εχει:has μανθανετωϲαν:let-them-learn πρωτον:first τον:the ιδιον:own οικον:household ευϲεβειν:to-show-godliness και:and αμοιβαϲ:recompenses αποδιδοναι:to-repay τοιϲ:to-the προγονοιϲ:foreparents τουτο:this γαρ:for εϲτιν:is αποδεκτον:acceptable ενωπιον:before του:the θεου:God (5) η:The δε:but οντωϲ:really χηρα:widow και:and μεμονωμενη:having-been-left-alone ηλπικεν:has-hoped επι:on θεον:God και:and προϲμενει:continues-in ταιϲ:the δεηϲεϲιν:supplications και:and ταιϲ:the προϲευχαιϲ:prayers νυκτοϲ:of-night και:and ημεραϲ:of-day (6) η:The δε:but ϲπαταλωϲα:living-in-self-indulgence ζωϲα:living τεθνηκεν:has-died (7) και:And ταυτα:these-things παραγγελλε:command ινα:that ανεπιλημπτοι:above-reproach ωϲιν:they-may-be (8) ει:If δε:but τιϲ:anyone των:of-the ιδιων:own και:and μαλιϲτα:especially οικειων:household-members ου:not προνοει:provides-for την:the πιϲτιν:faith ηρνηται:has-denied και:and εϲτιν:is απιϲτου:of-unbeliever χειρων:worse

(9) χηρα:A-widow καταλεγεϲθω:let-be-enrolled μη:not ελαττον:less-than ετων:of-years εξηκοντα:sixty γεγονυια:having-become ενοϲ:of-one ανδροϲ:man γυνη:wife (10) εν:In εργοιϲ:works καλοιϲ:good μαρτυρουμενη:being-witnessed-of ει:if ετεκνοτροφηϲεν:she-brought-up-children ει:if εξενοδοχηϲεν:she-welcomed-strangers ει:if αγιων:of-saints ποδαϲ:feet ενιψεν:she-washed ει:if θλιβομενοιϲ:to-oppressed επηρκεϲεν:she-assisted ει:if παντι:every εργω:work αγαθω:good επηκολουθηϲεν:she-followed-after (11) νεωτεραϲ:Younger δε:but χηραϲ:widows παραιτου:refuse οταν:when γαρ:for καταϲτρηνιαϲωϲιν:they-grow-wanton του:against-the χριϲτου:Christ γαμειν:to-marry θελουϲιν:they-want (12) εχουϲαι:having κριμα:judgment οτι:because την:the πρωτην:first πιϲτιν:faith ηθετηϲαν:they-annulled (13) αμα:At-the-same-time δε:and και:also αργαι:idle μανθανουϲιν:they-learn περιερχομεναι:going-around ταϲ:the οικιαϲ:houses ου:not μονον:only δε:but αργαι:idle αλλα:but και:also φλυαροι:chatterers και:and περιεργοι:busybodies λαλουϲαι:speaking τα:the μη:not δεοντα:things-necessary (14) βουλομαι:I-want ουν:therefore νεωτεραϲ:younger-women γαμειν:to-marry τεκνογονειν:to-bear-children οικοδεϲποτειν:to-manage-households μηδεμιαν:no αφορμην:opportunity διδοναι:to-give τω:to-the αντικειμενω:opponent λοιδοριαϲ:of-reviling χαριν:for-sake-of (15) ηδη:Already γαρ:for τινεϲ:some εξετραπηϲαν:have-turned-aside οπιϲω:after του:the ϲατανα:Adversary (16) ει:If τιϲ:any πιϲτη:believing-woman εχει:has χηραϲ:widows επαρκειτω:let-her-assist αυταιϲ:them και:and μη:not βαρειϲθω:let-be-burdened η:the εκκληϲια:assembly ινα:that ταιϲ:the οντωϲ:really χηραιϲ:widows επαρκεϲη:it-may-assist

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
5:9	γυνη:wife	[wife] – In the enrollment criterion the term takes the household sense: a widow is enrolled when she has been a wife of one man.
5:15	ϲατανα:Adversary	[Adversary] – The established title for the opposing figure: the younger widows who turn aside after him have abandoned their trust and their pledged vocation.
5:16	εκκληϲια:assembly	[assembly] – The gathered people of God is to be relieved of the burden whenever believing households can assist their own widows; the established gloss names the assembly in its ordered life.

(17) οι:The καλωϲ:well προεϲτωτεϲ:having-led πρεϲβυτεροι:elders διπληϲ:of-double τιμηϲ:of-honor αξιουϲθωϲαν:let-be-considered-worthy μαλιϲτα:especially οι:those κοπιωντεϲ:toiling εν:in λογω:word και:and διδαϲκαλια:teaching (18) λεγει:Says γαρ:for η:the γραφη:scripture βουν:ox αλοωντα:treading-out-grain ου:not φιμωϲειϲ:you-shall-muzzle και:and αξιοϲ:worthy ο:the εργατηϲ:worker του:of-the μιϲθου:of-wages αυτου:of-him (19) κατα:Against πρεϲβυτερου:an-elder κατηγοριαν:accusation μη:not παραδεχου:accept εκτοϲ:except ει:if μη:not επι:on δυο:two η:or τριων:of-three μαρτυρων:witnesses (20) τουϲ:The αμαρτανονταϲ:sinning ενωπιον:before παντων:all ελεγχε:rebuke ινα:that και:also οι:the λοιποι:rest φοβον:fear εχωϲιν:may-have

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
5:17	προεϲτωτεϲ:having-led	[having-led] – The same verb takes "managing" when a household is in view (3:4, 3:12); here it takes "having-led" because elders lead the assembly, and those who lead well are owed support.
5:17	πρεϲβυτεροι:elders	[elders] – The office sense of the word: those who lead well are to be considered worthy of double honor, especially those toiling in word and teaching.
5:17	διπληϲ τιμηϲ : of-double honor	[of-double honor] – The established phrase conveys tangible support for elders, as the wage citations of 5:18 define it for the reader.
5:19	πρεϲβυτερου:an-elder	[an-elder] – The office sense again: an accusation against an elder is not to be accepted without the safeguard of two or three witnesses.

(21) διαμαρτυρομαι:I-solemnly-charge ενωπιον:before του:the θεου:God και:and χριϲτου:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus και:and των:the εκλεκτων:elect αγγελων:angels ινα:that ταυτα:these-things φυλαξηϲ:you-may-keep χωριϲ:without προκριματοϲ:prejudice μηδεν:nothing ποιων:doing κατα:according-to προϲκλιϲιν:partiality (22) χειραϲ:Hands ταχεωϲ:quickly μηδενι:on-no-one επιτιθει:lay μηδε:neither κοινωνει:share-in αμαρτιαιϲ:sins αλλοτριαιϲ:others ϲεαυτον:yourself αγνον:pure τηρει:keep (23) μηκετι:No-longer υδροποτει:drink-water-only αλλ:but οινω:wine ολιγω:little χρω:use δια:because-of τον:the ϲτομαχον:stomach και:and ταϲ:the πυκναϲ:frequent ϲου:your αϲθενειαϲ:illnesses (24) τινων:Of-some ανθρωπων:men αι:the αμαρτιαι:sins προδηλοι:clearly-evident ειϲιν:are προαγουϲαι:going-before ειϲ:unto κριϲιν:judgment τιϲιν:to-some δε:but και:also επακολουθουϲιν:they-follow-after (25) ωϲαυτωϲ:Likewise και:also τα:the εργα:works τα:the καλα:good προδηλα:clearly-evident και:and τα:the αλλωϲ:otherwise εχοντα:having κρυβηναι:to-be-hidden ου:not δυνανται:they-are-able

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
5:22	επιτιθει:lay	[lay] – The laying-on of hands that confirms a commission; Timothy is to act without haste so he does not share in the sins of another. The gesture is the same confirming act as at 4:14.

1 Timothy 6

(1) οϲοι:As-many-as ειϲιν:are υπο:under ζυγον:a-yoke δουλοι:slaves τουϲ:the ιδιουϲ:own δεϲποταϲ:masters παϲηϲ:all τιμηϲ:of-honor αξιουϲ:worthy ηγειϲθωϲαν:let-them-consider ινα:that μη:not το:the ονομα:name του:of-the θεου:God και:and η:the διδαϲκαλια:teaching βλαϲφημηται:may-be-slandered (2) οι:The δε:but πιϲτουϲ:believing εχοντεϲ:having δεϲποταϲ:masters μη:not καταφρονειτωϲαν:let-them-despise οτι:because αδελφοι:brothers ειϲιν:they-are αλλα:but μαλλον:rather δουλευετωϲαν:let-them-serve οτι:because πιϲτοι:believing ειϲιν:they-are και:and αγαπητοι:beloved οι:the τηϲ:of-the ευεργεϲιαϲ:of-benefaction αντιλαμβανομενοι:partaking ταυτα:these-things διδαϲκε:teach και:and παρακαλει:exhort

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
6:1	δεϲποταϲ:masters	[masters] – The slave-owner sense of the term: slaves are to count their own masters worthy of all honor, so that the name of God and the teaching are not slandered.
6:1	βλαϲφημηται:may-be-slandered	[may-be-slandered] – The book-wide gloss for this word-family: what is at stake is slander against the name of God and the teaching.
6:2	δεϲποταϲ:masters	[masters] – The same slave-owner sense: believing masters are brothers and beloved, and are to be served all the more willingly.
6:2	ευεργεϲιαϲ:of-benefaction	[of-benefaction] – The patronage idiom: believing masters are partakers of the Messiah's benefaction; the established gloss keeps the patron–client frame visible.

(3) ει:If τιϲ:anyone ετεροδιδαϲκαλει:teaches-different-doctrine και:and μη:not προϲερχεται:comes-to υγιαινουϲιν:healthy λογοιϲ:words τοιϲ:those του:of-the κυριου:lord ημων:of-us ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ και:and τη:the κατ:according-to ευϲεβειαν:godliness διδαϲκαλια:to-teaching (4) τετυφωται:has-been-puffed-up μηδεν:nothing επιϲταμενοϲ:knowing αλλα:but νοϲων:being-sick περι:about ζητηϲειϲ:investigations και:and λογομαχιαϲ:word-battles εξ:from ων:which γινεται:comes φθονοϲ:envy εριϲ:strife βλαϲφημιαι:slanders υπονοιαι:suspicions πονηραι:evil (5) διαπαρατριβαι:constant-frictions διεφθαρμενων:of-corrupted ανθρωπων:men τον:the νουν:mind και:and απεϲτερημενων:having-been-deprived τηϲ:of-the αληθειαϲ:truth νομιζοντων:supposing ποριϲμον:gain ειναι:to-be την:the ευϲεβειαν:godliness (6) εϲτιν:Is δε:but ποριϲμοϲ:gain μεγαϲ:great η:the ευϲεβεια:godliness μετα:with αυταρκειαϲ:contentment (7) ουδεν:Nothing γαρ:for ειϲηνεγκαμεν:we-brought-in ειϲ:into τον:the κοϲμον:world οτι:that ουδε:neither εξενεγκειν:to-bring-out τι:anything δυναμεθα:we-are-able (8) εχοντεϲ:having δε:but διατροφαϲ:foods και:and ϲκεπαϲματα:coverings τουτοιϲ:with-these αρκεϲθηϲομεθα:we-will-be-content (9) οι:The δε:but βουλομενοι:wanting πλουτειν:to-be-rich εμπιπτουϲιν:fall ειϲ:into πειραϲμον:temptation και:and παγιδα:snare και:and επιθυμιαϲ:desires πολλαϲ:many ανοητουϲ:foolish και:and βλαβεραϲ:harmful αιτινεϲ:which βυθιζουϲιν:sink τουϲ:the ανθρωπουϲ:men ειϲ:into ολεθρον:ruin και:and απωλειαν:destruction (10) ριζα:Root γαρ:for παντων:of-all των:the κακων:evils εϲτιν:is η:the φιλαργυρια:love-of-money ηϲ:of-which τινεϲ:some ορεγομενοι:desiring απεπλανηθηϲαν:were-led-astray απο:from τηϲ:the πιϲτεωϲ:faith και:and εαυτουϲ:themselves περιεπειραν:pierced-through οδυναιϲ:with-pains πολλαιϲ:many

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
6:4	βλαϲφημιαι:slanders	[slanders] – In the vice list the word names the slanders that arise from envy, strife, and suspicion, carrying the same interpersonal sense that governs the book's rendering of the word-family.
6:10	ορεγομενοι:desiring	[desiring] – The verb that for the office of oversight is "reaches-after" (3:1) here takes "desiring" toward money, marking the corrupted longing that leads astray from the faith.

(11) ϲυ:You δε:but ω:O ανθρωπε:man θεου:of-God ταυτα:these-things φευγε:flee διωκε:pursue δε:but δικαιοϲυνην:righteousness ευϲεβειαν:godliness πιϲτιν:faith αγαπην:love υπομονην:endurance πραυπαθιαν:gentleness (12) αγωνιζου:Fight τον:the καλον:good αγωνα:fight τηϲ:of-the πιϲτεωϲ:faith επιλαβου:lay-hold-of τηϲ:the αιωνιου:eternal ζωηϲ:life ειϲ:unto ην:which εκληθηϲ:you-were-called και:and ωμολογηϲαϲ:you-confessed την:the καλην:good ομολογιαν:confession ενωπιον:before πολλων:many μαρτυρων:witnesses (13) παραγγελλω:I-command ϲοι:you ενωπιον:before του:the θεου:God του:the ζωογουντοϲ:giving-life-to τα:all παντα:things και:and χριϲτου:Christ ιηϲου:Jesus του:the μαρτυρηϲαντοϲ:having-testified επι:before ποντιου:Pontius πιλατου:Pilate την:the καλην:good ομολογιαν:confession (14) τηρηϲαι:To-keep ϲε:you την:the εντολην:command αϲπιλον:spotless ανεπιλημπτον:above-reproach μεχρι:until τηϲ:the επιφανειαϲ:appearing του:of-the κυριου:lord ημων:of-us ιηϲου:Jesus χριϲτου:Christ (15) ην:which καιροιϲ:in-times ιδιοιϲ:its-own δειξει:will-show ο:the μακαριοϲ:blessed και:and μονοϲ:only δυναϲτηϲ:Sovereign ο:the βαϲιλευϲ:King των:of-the βαϲιλευοντων:reigning και:and κυριοϲ:Lord των:of-the κυριευοντων:lording (16) ο:the μονοϲ:only εχων:having αθαναϲιαν:immortality φωϲ:light οικων:dwelling απροϲιτον:unapproachable ον:whom ειδεν:saw ουδειϲ:no-one ανθρωπων:of-men ουδε:nor ιδειν:to-see δυναται:is-able ω:to-whom τιμη:honor και:and κρατοϲ:might αιωνιον:eternal αμην:amen

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
6:11	ανθρωπε θεου : man of God	[man of God] – The prophetic title borne in the scriptures by God's commissioned agents: Timothy is summoned to flee, pursue, and fight as such a man.
6:15	δυναϲτηϲ:Sovereign	[Sovereign] – The title belongs to the one God alone, the blessed and only Sovereign; he alone will display the appearing of the lord Jesus Christ in his own times.
6:15	βαϲιλευϲ:King	[King] – "King of those reigning" names the one God alone, as the doxology's scriptural titles confess his sole kingship.
6:15	κυριοϲ:Lord	[Lord] – Capital-L "Lord" here because the title of those lording belongs to the one God alone; the doxology reserves it for God while the lord Jesus Christ is the appointed agent whose appearing God will display.

(17) τοιϲ:The πλουϲιοιϲ:rich εν:in τω:the νυν:now αιωνι:age παραγγελλε:command μη:not υψηλοφρονειν:to-be-high-minded μηδε:nor ηλπικεναι:to-have-hoped επι:on πλουτου:wealth αδηλοτητι:uncertainty αλλ:but επι:on θεω:God τω:the παρεχοντι:providing ημιν:us παντα:all-things πλουϲιωϲ:richly ειϲ:for απολαυϲιν:enjoyment (18) αγαθοεργειν:to-do-good πλουτειν:to-be-rich εν:in εργοιϲ:works καλοιϲ:good ευμεταδοτουϲ:ready-to-share ειναι:to-be κοινωνικουϲ:generous (19) αποθηϲαυριζονταϲ:treasuring-up εαυτοιϲ:for-themselves θεμελιον:foundation καλον:good ειϲ:for το:the μελλον:future ινα:that επιλαβωνται:they-may-lay-hold-of τηϲ:the οντωϲ:really ζωηϲ:life

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
6:19	οντωϲ ζωηϲ : really life	[really life] – The life of the age to come in its fullness; the rich lay hold of it by treasuring up a good foundation for the future.

(20) ω:O τιμοθεε:Timothy την:the παραθηκην:deposit φυλαξον:guard εκτρεπομενοϲ:turning-aside ταϲ:the βεβηλουϲ:profane κενοφωνιαϲ:empty-soundings και:and αντιθεϲειϲ:oppositions τηϲ:of-the ψευδωνυμου:miscalled γνωϲεωϲ:of-knowledge (21) ην:which τινεϲ:some επαγγελλομενοι:claiming περι:concerning την:the πιϲτιν:faith ηϲτοχηϲαν:missed-the-mark η:the χαριϲ:grace μεθ:with υμων:you

Lexical Decisions:

Verse	Greek → English	Decision Comments
6:20	παραθηκην:deposit	[deposit] – The custodial/legal term for what is entrusted to a guardian: the apostolic teaching Timothy must keep intact.
6:20	φυλαξον:guard	[guard] – The corresponding custodial verb: Timothy's final charge is to guard the deposit, keeping watch over the entrusted teaching.